ATLANTA — Gov. Nathan Deal’s plan allowing a state takeover of schools dubbed “chronically failing” won Georgia House approval Wednesday, setting up a statewide vote in 2016 and accomplishing the Republican’s top priority kicking off his second term. Under Deal’s plan, an appointed superintendent accountable to the governor could add up to 20 schools to the district each year and have the power to close, convert them into charter schools or overhaul management.